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Music Theory (1-34) :: Music History (35-40) :: Composition & Orchestration (41-42) :: Index :: Music Dictionary :: Scorch Viewer   Welcome Page Welcome! :: Free Manuscript Paper :: Alternative Terms in Different Countries :: Copyright    Music Theory & History Online Contents - the page you are now at 1  Staff, Clefs & Pitch Notation The Grand Staff :: The Clef Sign :: The Treble Clef :: The Bass Clef :: The Alto Clef :: Other Clefs (lesson 14) The Score :: Why Middle C? :: Helmholtz Pitch Notation :: Scientific Pitch Notation :: Naming The Octaves MIDI :: Shape Note Notation :: Tonic Sol-fa 2  Notes & Rests Duration :: Anatomy of a Note Sign :: Chart of Note & Rest Signs :: Dotting & Double-Dotting :: Beams & Beaming Ties :: Origin of Music Notation 2S  Links about Music Notation supplement :: Links about Music Notation 3  Measures and Bars Bars/Measures and Bar Lines :: Bar/Measure Numbers and Letters :: Bars/Measures and Ties 4  Time Signatures Time Signature/Meter Signature :: Unusual Time Signatures and Hypermeasures :: Mensuration Common Time & Alla Breve/Cut Time :: Changing Time Signatures :: The Whole Bar Rest :: Incomplete Bars Ametric Music 5  Tempo Table of Tempo Markings :: Fermata, Fetura & Caesura :: Dance Tempi :: Tempo through Notation :: Metronome Marks 6  The Keyboard The Keyboard :: Thoughts on Piano Keyboard Design 7  Small Intervals The Tone and Semitone :: The Octave :: The Chromatic Scale :: Microtones 8  Major Scales The Major Scale :: The Tetrachord :: The Twelve Major Scales :: Deriving Major Scales :: Chart of the Major Scales 9  Key Signatures and Accidentals The Key Signature :: The Circle of Fifths :: The Order of Sharps & Flats in Key Signatures Enharmonics :: Using Accidentals :: Changing Key :: Notes and Keys in Various Languages 10  Minor Scales The Natural Minor Scale :: Chart of Natural Minor Scales :: Double Sharps & Flats :: Harmonic Minor Chart of Harmonic Minor Scales :: Melodic Minor :: Chart of Melodic Minor Scales :: Relative & Parallel Major & Minor 11  Chromatic Scales The Diatonic Scale :: The Chromatic Scale :: Harmonic Chromatic Scale :: Melodic Chromatic Scale 12  Intervals Degrees of the Scale :: Melodic & Harmonic Intervals :: Unisons & Octaves :: Diatonic Intervals :: Chromatic Intervals The Tritone :: Compound Intervals :: Table of Intervals 13  Inversion of Intervals Inversion of Intervals 14  Other Clefs Soprano & Mezzo-Soprano Clefs :: Tenor Clef :: Baritone & Subbass Clefs :: French Violin Clef :: Octave Clefs Indefinite Pitch Clef :: Summary of Clef Signs 15  Note Groupings Simple & Compound Time/Meter :: Uneven/Asymmetrical Time :: Triplets :: Duplets :: Other-lets :: Grouping Notes and Rests Time Signatures, How We 'Say' Them 16  Triads & Chords Concord & Discord :: Triads :: Diatonic Triads :: Chords :: Chords in Jazz :: Broken & Spread Chords 17  Chords in Detail Seventh Chords :: Inverted Chords :: Slash Chords :: Extended Chords (9th, 11th, 13th) :: Special Chords :: Naming Chords 17S  Virtual Piano Chords & Scales supplement :: Piano Chords & Scales by Colm Mac Cárthaigh 18  Figured Bass Figured Bass :: Figured Bass Notation :: Naming Chords With Roman Numerals 19  Transposition Transposition at the Octave :: Transposing into another Key :: What Key is My Instrument in? :: Transposing Instruments How to Write Parts for Transposing Instruments 20  Rhythmic Variety Rhythmic Modes & Anacrusis :: Syncopation :: Dotting & Double Dotting :: Égal & Inégal :: Hemiola, Hemiolia or Cross Rhythm Swing :: Rhythm Syllables 21  Phrasing & Articulation Slur & Phrase :: Tenuto & Staccato :: Slurs & Staccato :: Variety of Accents :: Articulation on Wind Instruments Articulation on Stringed Instruments :: Dot & Wedge in Clavichord Music :: Pedalling on the Piano Table of Dynamic Markings :: Table of General Musical Markings 22  Chords & Cadences Perfect Cadence :: Plagal Cadence :: Imperfect Cadence :: Interrupted/Deceptive Cadence :: The 'Six Four' Cadence Feminine Endings :: Antecedent & Consequent :: Summary of Cadences 23  Ornamentation Introduction :: Grace Notes :: Appoggiaturas :: Nachslag :: Turns :: Trills :: Pralltriller :: Mordents :: Vibrato Arpeggiation :: Divisions 24  Repeats Repeated Notes :: Repeated Groups :: Repeated Bars :: Repeated Whole Bar Rests :: Repeated Sections :: Da Capo :: Minuet & Trio 25  Notes, Harmonies & Scales Origin of Diatonic and Chromatic Scales :: Modes :: Jazz Scales :: Blues :: Bebop Scales :: Pentatonic Scales The 'Minor Key' Problem :: Altered Chords :: Neapolitan Sixth :: Symmetrical Scales :: Table of Useful Scales Non-Harmonic Notes 26  Score Formats Instrumental Ensembles :: Solos & Parts :: Keyboards :: Percussion :: How to Write Parts for Transposing Instruments Chart of Transposing Instruments :: Sounding Range of Orchestral Instruments :: Sample Scores 27  Pitch, Temperament & Timbre Pitch :: History of Musical Pitch :: Harmonic Series :: Pythagorean Series :: Meantone Scale :: Equal Temperament Just Intonation :: Naming Intervals :: Historical Temperaments :: Information on Temperaments :: Timbre/Tone Colour Classification of Common Musical Instruments 28  Musical Instrument Fingering Charts Woodwind Instruments :: Band Instruments :: Brass Instruments :: Serpent & Ophicleide :: Baroque Flute :: Dulcian Recorder :: Shakuhachi :: Quena :: Tin-Whistle :: Bagpipe 29  Musical Instrument Ranges & Names Bowed & Plucked Strings :: Harp:: Flutes :: Clarinets :: Saxophones :: Double Reeds :: Trumpets & Trombones Horns & Tubas :: Tuned Percussion :: Voices :: Recorders :: Viols :: Instrument Names in Other Languages Instrument Names & Their Abbreviations :: Orchestral Layout :: Chart of Transposing Instruments 30  Guitar Tablature & Notation Reading Chord Charts :: Writing Notes :: The Origins of Tablature Notation :: Writing Chords :: Special Effects Voicing Chords 31  Key Centres The Nature of Tonality :: Major Keys :: Minor Keys :: Triad Progressions :: Modes :: Combining Major and Minor Keys Modal Interchange :: Using Dominants :: Diminished Seventh Chords :: Melodic Substitution :: Reharmonisation :: Modulation Alan Belkin's General Principles of Harmony 32  Words & Music Words & Meaning :: Words & Syncopation :: Words & Phrasing :: Scoring for Voices 33  Counterpoint by Alan Belkin 34  Drums & Drumming Percussion Instruments :: Rhythmic Patterns :: The Importance Of Tempo :: The Bass Guitar Music Theory (1-34) :: Music History (35-40) :: Composition & Orchestration (41-42) :: Index :: Music Dictionary :: Scorch Viewer 35  Music before the 16th Century From Earliest Times :: Greeks & Romans :: Early Christian Church :: Music of the Dark Ages (475-1000) Music of the High Middle Ages (1000-1350) :: Music of the Late Middle Ages (1350-1500) :: Music of the Proto-Renaissance 36  Music of the 16th Century Early Renaissance Timeline :: Humanism :: Music Theory :: Music Printing :: The Renaissance and the French Court Origins of Early Opera and Ballet :: Music in New Spain :: Sixteenth Century Chinese Opera more in preparation 37  Music of the 17th Century in preparation 38  Music of the 18th Century in preparation 39  Music of the 19th Century A Survey of 19th Century Music :: Romanticism :: Orientalism :: Nationalism, Folk Song & Primitivism Looking Back - The Early Music Revival :: Late 19th Century Symbolism :: 19th Century American Music Bringing Back Voices From the 19th Century :: Performance Practice and Aesthetics of the 19th Century 40  Music of the 20th Century Progressing into the 20th Century :: Neo-Romanticism :: Breakdown of Tonality :: Impressionism :: Neo-Classicism Machine Music :: Computer Music :: Twelve Note Method :: Influences of Jazz :: Microtonal Music :: Electronic Music Indeterminacy :: Minimalism :: Music Theatre By Eric Salzman :: Experimental Music Today Summary of Terms & Concepts in 20th Century Music :: Musical Analysis Music Theory (1-34) :: Music History (35-40) :: Composition & Orchestration (41-42) :: Index :: Music Dictionary :: Scorch Viewer 41  A Practical Guide to Composition by Alan Belkin 42  Artistic Orchestration by Alan Belkin 43  Ear Tests and Drills    Music Theory & History Online Index    Music Dictionary Online    Composers Biography (work in progress)